1. Cancer - What is it?
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), cancer is defined as “a disease in which abnormal cells divide without control and spread to different parts of the body”. There are many types of cancers, including breast, lung, colon, prostate, liver, skin, brain, blood, bone, lymphoma, leukemia, thyroid, testicular, stomach, pancreas, kidney, bladder, cervix, ovary, uterus, head & neck, esophagus, mouth, tongue, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity, eye, ear, nose, throat (ENT), connective tissue, soft tissue, melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Lymphoma and leukemia.
2. How do we get cancer?
The causes of cancer are not fully understood. However, some factors have been identified that may increase your risk of developing certain forms of cancer. These include smoking tobacco products, drinking alcohol, poor diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, infections, exposure to environmental toxins, ionizing radiation, genetic mutations, age, gender, family history, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location.
3. Types of cancer
Breast Cancer - Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death among women worldwide. According to the ACS, about 1 out of 8 women will develop breast cancer at some point in their lives. In 2016, over 231,000 cases were reported in the United States alone, making it the most commonly diagnosed cancer type. Other countries with high rates of breast cancer include Australia, Canada, France, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK.
Lung Cancer - Lung cancer is the third most common cancer in both men and women. About 224,390 people died from lung cancer in 2016. The majority of these deaths occurred in China, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the US.
Colon Cancer - Colon cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and women combined. Approximately 135,830 people were diagnosed with colon cancer in 2016. Deaths due to colon cancer decreased slightly between 2008 and 2014. The highest rates of colon cancer are seen in North America and Europe.
Prostate Cancer - Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cancer among men. One in six men will develop prostate cancer in his lifetime. The number of new diagnoses increased by nearly 60% between 2004 and 2012. The rate of increase was higher than any other cancer site. In 2016, approximately 161,960 new cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed in the United States.
Liver Cancer - Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer in men, accounting for 687,000 new cases each year. Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Other types include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatic angiosarcoma. Globally, the incidence of liver cancer has risen sharply since 1980. Rates vary widely across regions, ranging from less than 10 per 100,000 people in East Asia and Oceania to more than 200 per 100,000 in Central Africa.
Stomach Cancer - Stomach cancer is the seventh most common cancer in men. Worldwide, gastric cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer in males. The majority of cases occur in Eastern Asia, Northern Africa, and Southern Latin America. In 2015, approximately 989,000 new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed around the world.
Skin Cancer - Skin cancer is the eighth most common cancer in men globally. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, causing roughly 75 percent of skin cancer-related deaths. The vast majority of cases are caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight. UVB rays damage DNA and lead to sunburns while UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and are associated with wrinkling and aging. In 2016, approximately 62,230 new cases of skin cancer were reported in the United State alone.
Head & Neck Cancer - Head & neck cancer is the ninth most common cancer in men worldwide. Overall, 577,500 new cases of head & neck cancer were diagnosed in 2018. The vast majority of these cases occur in Southeast Asia.
Bone Cancer - Bone cancer is the tenth most common cancer in men in terms of global incidence. The most common type of bone cancer is osteosarcoma, which accounts for about 20 percent of all bone cancers. Another type of bone cancer is Ewing sarcoma.
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